a              short, as in ‘hat’, never as in ‘ball’

b             as in ‘bag’

c              always hard as in ‘cat’, never an s as in ‘precise’

ch         like the ch in the Scottish word ‘loch’

d             as in ‘dog’

dd           a buzzy ‘th’ sound, as in ‘this’

e             short, as in pen

f              v, as in very

ff             f as in fish

g              always hard as in ‘get’, never a ‘j’ sound as in the last g in garage

ng           as in ‘song’, where the g isn’t hard, like in ‘gig’, but a soft glottal stop made in your throat

h             as in hat, always sounded and never silent

i               as in ‘pin’

l               a ‘luh’ as in ‘lava’, but never an ‘ul’ sound as in ‘milk’

ll              not as hard a sound to make as some would have you think. Raise your tongue to the top of your mouth as if you were going to say ‘el’, then make the ‘ell’ sound by hissing like a cat

m            as in ‘Monday’

n             as in ‘naughty’

o             short as in ‘hot’, not round as in ‘hotel’

p             P like the small green round things!

ph           an English f, or Welsh ff sound, as in ‘phase’

r              rolled. Some people just can’t get a rolled ‘r’ – their tongues are unable to vibrate in the right way. Try making an old fashioned telephone sound, and sound like a motorbike at the same time!

rh            hr. Make a huffy, breathy sound before your rolled ‘r’

s              always soft as in ‘sit’

t              as in ‘top’

th            as in ‘think’

u             A kind of ‘eugh’ noise, the vowel ‘eu’ sound would about approximate the  ‘u’.

w            ooooooh!

y              As a single syllable word, y is like ‘uh’, on the last syllable of a multisyllabic word it’s an ‘u’ or ‘ee’